Septic Metrics

How to maintain an aerobic septic system

Published by Muhammad Umar Shehzad. Updated . Based on the sources listed below. Expert review pending.

Short answer

The EPA says systems with mechanical parts generally need inspection about once a year, and that a service contract is important. Owners should respond to alarms, keep the air supply running, check any chlorinator and protect the system from harmful waste. Texas sets reports at least every four months for licensed maintenance providers, and your local rules may differ.

An aerobic septic tank with air bubbles, connected to a control panel

An aerobic treatment unit only treats wastewater as designed while its equipment works. Lose the air supply and the treatment stops. That's why routine service matters more here than on a conventional system.

How often does an aerobic system need service?

  • EPA: generally about once a year for systems with mechanized parts
  • Texas: provider reports at least every four months, or every six with an electronic monitor
  • Texas A&M: inspection usually every 4 months for the system it describes

Your permit, your manufacturer and your local rules may all ask for more than the EPA's general guidance, so follow them.

What does the owner do?

  • Know your alarm. Find the control panel, and call your provider promptly if the alarm sounds. The University of Minnesota advises responding to alarms right away.
  • Listen for the aerator. The system needs a continuous oxygen supply, so report an aerator that has gone quiet.
  • Check the chlorinator, if you have one. Texas A&M advises a weekly check that tablets are present and touching the wastewater.
  • Watch the spray area, if you have one. Spraying during rain or at odd times can mean rainwater is getting into the system.
  • Keep records. File every service report, repair and pump-out.

What does a service provider do?

Usually the provider inspects the parts, checks they work, tests the wastewater and files any required reports. Be aware that a basic contract may only cover the legal minimum and leave more for you. Before you sign, find out who supplies chlorine and who pays for repairs.

How often does it need pumping?

There's no single schedule. In Texas, the state agency says sludge removal depends on sludge depth and the manufacturer's recommendations, so ask your provider to measure it at each visit.

Never use pool chlorine tablets

Use only tablets approved for wastewater, which are made of calcium hypochlorite. Pool tablets are usually made of trichloroisocyanuric acid, and Texas A&M and the Texas state agency warn that they can release an explosive gas in a septic system. Never mix the two types. Wear gloves, and store tablets away from the house, the garage and metal tools.

What should stay out of an aerobic system?

Among the things Texas A&M says to keep out:

  • Wet wipes, even those labeled septic safe
  • Diapers, feminine products, cat litter and coffee grounds
  • Toxic drain cleaners and automatic toilet cleaners
  • Antibacterial soap and too much bleach
  • Prescription drugs and antibiotics
  • Air conditioner condensate, which should be routed around the system

Spray fields

Treated water from a spray system isn't drinking water. Keep people and pets out of the spray area while it's operating. Texas doesn't allow it on vegetable gardens.

Unless you're trained, don't open tanks or work on the electrical parts. Texas A&M lists harmful microbes, electric shock and poisonous or explosive gases among the hazards.

Rules vary by location

Aerobic maintenance rules vary widely. Some places require a contract, set the visit schedule or restrict owner maintenance, so check with your local permitting authority.

Quick answers

Can you use pool tablets in an aerobic septic system?

No. Use only tablets approved for wastewater. Pool tablets can release an explosive gas.

Sources